|
|
Demografický a epidemiologický vývoj ve středoasijských republikách bývalého SSSR po jeho rozpadu
Vymlátilová, Natálie
The bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis of demographic and epidemiological developments in the Central Asian republics of the former USSR after its collapse, focusing on the situation of the poorest countries of the region, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and the associated health challenges. During the existence of the USSR, the Central Asian republics underwent a series of reforms in the political, economic and social spheres, accompanied by a somewhat positive impact on the demographic and epidemiological situation of the region. The collapse of the Soviet regime caused a temporary disruption of the hitherto existing developments and a collapse of the demographic and epidemiological achievements made, leaving the region once again at the beginning of its struggle against diseases and the associated morbidity and mortality problems. The aim of this paper is to determine the demographic and epidemiological situation prevailing in the countries of Central Asia after the collapse of the USSR using selected indicators, and in particular to analyze the development of health policies and programs implemented by governments and health organizations in the countries of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the context of developments since the collapse of the USSR and their success.
|
|
|
Economic prospects of Kyrgyzstan from a geopolitical perspective
Loboda, Aleksandra ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
This thesis will analyze the economic and political prospects of Kyrgyzstan based on the geopolitics of the country. This thesis will provide data on Kyrgyzstan's political, economic, and diplomatic relations over the past thirty years with the following countries: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, China, Russia, and the United States. Imports and exports between the countries will also be provided and analyzed in the second half of the paper. Using the method of comparing qualitative and quantitative data, conclusions will be drawn as to which direction Kyrgyzstan should take as a small developing country. It is not about minute-by-minute actions, but rather long-term actions that will have a tremendous weight on the economic development of the country in the future. The paper essentially comes to the conclusion that the best development for Kyrgyzstan will be if the country manages to reduce its dependence on Russia and explore other trade routes and other trade partners.
|
|
|
Gender aspects in state-led water security discourses: A case study of the Syr Darya river basin countries
Mukhamejan, Nadira ; Parks, Louisa Rosemary (advisor) ; Anceschi, Luca (referee)
This postgraduate research project proposes to explore water security discourses in Central Asia, which is one of the global "climate hotspots" (Giorgi, 2006, p. 33). Recent increases in temperatures exceeding global historical averages are causing more frequent droughts and earlier snowmelt, which has a major influence on future water availability in an already water-stressed region (Bernauer and Siegfried, 2012; Sorg et al., 2013). These impacts affect individuals and segments of society differently and aggravate already existing gendered vulnerabilities and diverse capacities to face its consequences (Sultana, 2018, p. 19). There is a growing consensus that water relations in societies are affected by social relationships related to gender (Fröhlich et al., 2018). Several case studies have indeed highlighted that water (in)securities are rooted in gendered water-related labour division and associated social norms, and could be worsened by climate change (Rao et al., 2019, Adams et al., 2018, Bacon et al., 2022). However, the geography of this literature body is uneven: existing studies are focused on Southeast Asia, Africa, and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. While there is a growing research interest to gendered realities and insecurities in water sector, the academic literature in...
|
|
|
Labour Migration and Covid-19 pandemic: The Socioeconomic Impacts of the Crisis on Tajik and Kyrgyz Migrants' Remittances
da Silva Costa, Deise Karoline ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Jordanová, Anna (referee)
This work compares the role of the remittances sent by the migrant workers from Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in the Russian Federation. It also examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the living conditions of the migrant workers and their households. Both countries presented to be similarly susceptible to the crisis. The remittances in both cases are applied to cover the general expenses of the migrants' households. Although Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, the text showed that it brings it a few advantages concerning the labour migration compared to Tajikistan. However, the overall macroeconomic impact of COVID-19 was not sufficiently different, if compared to the outcomes of Tajikistan, which is not an EAEU member state.
|
|
|
Manas Air Base and U.S.-Kyrgyz Relations
Nováková, Sabina ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
The following thesis is a case study of the U.S. Manas air base in Kyrgyzstan. It addresses the significance of the base in the context of mutual U.S.-Kyrgyz relations after 2001. It aims to analyze the bilateral negotiations between the U.S. and the Kyrgyz on establishing the air base, its functioning, and eventually its closure in 2014. Among the research questions, it seeks to explain the respective positions of both parties, the motives behind their actions, and factors that influenced this negotiation process. The analysis shows that the extensive U.S. efforts to get and maintain access to the facility were driven by the necessity to secure transportation corridors to and from Afghanistan. Kyrgyzstan, on the other hand, was primarily interested in financial benefits stemming from having an American base on its territory. The U.S. let local elites enrich themselves in connection with the air base revenues. Kyrgyzstan's internal instability also had a major impact on its stance towards foreign policy matters and the issue of the Manas air base in particular. The U.S. was a stronger player in this asymmetric relationship, but Washington often got into situations where it was being pulled by Kyrgyzstan's domestic developments, which effectively determined mutual relations. The analysis concludes that...
|
|
|
Uzbekistan's Foreign Policy (2001-2012): The Pendulum Diplomacy between the US and Russia
Lídl, Václav ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the creation of Uzbekistan's foreign policy. It attempts to answer three main research questions: What were the chief goals of Tashkent's foreign policy? What were the factors that influenced the creation of Uzbekistan's foreign policy? Which factors and causes played the decisive role in the case of Uzbekistan's most significant foreign policy turnovers in 2001, 2005 and 2012? It claims the principal aims of Uzbekistan's foreign policy were threefold. Firstly, it was the preservation of Uzbekistan's independence. Secondly, it was the strengthening and securing of Karimov's regime. Finally, it was the attempt to become the regional leader in Central Asia. Subsequently, the study maintains that the foreign policy formulation was altered by four processes or challenges which the regime in Tashkent had to cope with. These were namely the challenge of geopolitical position, establishing of a viable political system, transforming the command economy, and the threat of radical or political Islam. Uzbekistan's pendulum diplomacy between the US and Russia is a new term coined for the purposes of this study. I argue that Tashkent was prone to change abruptly its strategic partner in order to secure its three strategic imperatives. Hence, there occurred three turnovers of...
|
|
|
Iran in Putin's foreign policy: Is Russian approach towards Iran part of broader Russian foreign policy strategy?
Typoltová, Johana ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
Bachelor's thesis is concerned with Iran's position in Russian foreign policy from 2000 to 2011. Iran has been highly debated by international community in last decade, due to his controversial nuclear energy program. Russia supported sanctions imposed on Iran by UN Security Council. However, Russia refused to bolster any other kind of sanctions and maintained commercial and strategic cooperation with Iran. Main purpose of the thesis is to find out if Russia maintains its relations with Iran due to broader Russian interests, which were declared in Russian foreign policy concepts, or if Russian actions towards Iran are simply a response to Iranian behaviour and development in international affairs.
|
|
|
The pottery of sector 20 at Jandavlattepa
Včelicová, Tereza ; Stančo, Ladislav (advisor) ; Pavúk, Peter (referee)
The aim of this work is to classify and analyse the ceramic assemblage of the sector 20 - so-called Citadel - of the site Jandavlattepa in the South of Uzbekistan. This settlement in historical Bactria was inhabited in its latest phase by the Kushans. The here presented pottery was discovered by a Czech-Uzbekistan expedition during the years 2002-2006. This work presents the history and environments of the site in order to enable a complex understanding of the pottery assemblage as a whole, in relation to its contexts. The pottery fragments are divided into the groups according fabric, shapes and forms. The decoration types are also accentuated. All these features help to compare Jandavlattepa with analogical sites of Central Asia from the same period.
|
|
|
Post-conflict reconstruction in Afghanistan from the perspective of Regional Security Complex Theory
Zahálková, Iva ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The main objective of this diploma thesis is to analyze the nature of obstacles to the regional approach to Afghanistan through the lens of the Regional Security Complex Theory. I will focus on studying security dynamics within and among three security complexes surrounding Afghanistan, to see how these dynamics affect their interaction with the latter. Prospects of any regional cooperation on Afghanistan are hampered by security dynamics within these complexes whereby primary traditional political-military threats are perceived by the complex states as more threatening than the mostly transnational threats stemming from unstable Afghanitan. Particularly the Indo-Pakistani rivalry and to a lesser extent the Saudi-Iranian rivalry represent major obstacles as it is reflected also in their engagement in Afghanistan. On the other hand, weak Central Asia states are linked to Afghanistan security dynamics by mostly transnational threats and ethnic affinities but are generally too weak to extend their security dynamics beyond their respective complex. The thesis also seeks to analyze the possibility of Afghanistan's external transformation in terms of its inclusion into the South Asia complex and based on now stronger security interdependence among the Afghanistan-Pakistan-India triangle. This assumption could...
|
|
|
Central Asian Foreign Fighters in Syria
Nováková, Sabina ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the phenomenon of Central Asian foreign fighters in Syria, 2011- 2017. It analyzes their radicalization, recruitment, and travel patterns. Special emphasis is placed on tracking the home states' responses, including elements of de-radicalization and counter-radicalization. The thesis has found that there is arguably no single factor explaining the Central Asian fighters' radicalization; nor is there a typical profile of a Central Asian fighter. Available data suggest that radicalization and extremist recruitment most often occur in Russia. Furthermore, the analysis of travel patterns has shown that the majority of Central Asian fighters traveled to Syria either indirectly via multiple countries (again, most often Russia) or directly from their country of origin, and then crossed the border from Turkey. The thesis concludes that all five Central Asian states have adopted policies to address the perceived security threat of returning foreign fighters, whereas the hard, restrictive and punitive approach has been prevalent all across the region.
|
guest ::
